铸造法兰和锻造法兰
Flanges and forged flanges
铸造出来的法兰，毛坯形状尺寸准确，加工量小，成本低，但有铸造缺陷（气孔.裂纹.夹杂）；铸件内部组织流线型较差（如果是切削件，流线型更差）；
The cast flanges are accurate in shape, small in processing and low in cost, but have casting defects (holes, cracks and inclusions), and the internal structure of the castings is poor (if it is a cutting piece, the streamline is worse).
锻造法兰一般比铸造法兰含碳低不易生锈，锻件流线型好，组织比较致密，机械性能优于铸造法兰；
Forging flanges are generally lower than those of cast flanges with low carbon content and are not easy to rust. The forging is streamlined and compact in structure and better in mechanical properties than cast flanges.
锻造工艺不当也会出现晶粒大或不均，硬化裂纹现象，锻造成本高于铸造法兰。
Improper forging process also causes large or uneven grains and hardening cracks. The forging cost is higher than that of casting flange.
锻件比铸件能承受更高的剪切力和拉伸力。
Forgings can withstand higher shear and tensile forces than castings.
铸件的优点在于可以搞出比较复杂的外形，成本比较低；
The advantage of casting is that it can produce more complicated appearance and lower cost.
锻件优点在于内部组织均匀，不存在铸件中的气孔，夹杂等有害缺陷；
The advantage of forging is that the internal structure is uniform, and there are no harmful defects such as blowholes and inclusions in the casting.
从生产工艺流程区别铸造法兰和锻造法兰的不同，比如离心法兰就属于铸造法兰的一种。
The difference between casting flange and forging flange is different from the production process, for example, centrifugal flange is a kind of casting flange.
离心法兰属于精密铸造方法生产法兰，该种铸造较普通砂型铸造组织要细很多，质量提高不少，不易出现组织疏松、气孔、沙眼等问题。
The centrifugal flange belongs to the precision casting method to produce the flange. This kind of casting is much finer than the ordinary sand casting, and has a lot of quality. It is not easy to appear loose, pore and trachoma.