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法兰密封面与垫片配合注意事项
1.纹路
1. The grain
纹路是法兰表面粗糙式样的主导方向，比如：多方向的、唱片螺旋状的、锯齿状等
The grain is the dominant direction of the rough patterns of the flanges, for example: multi-direction, disc spiral, jagged, etc
表面光洁度的纹路应尽可能和垫片的中心线相一致，比如圆形法兰，表面纹路应该加工为同心圆或者唱片螺旋线型，这样就可以避免有穿过法兰表面的线，如果有一条穿过密封表面的直线研磨线，就会成为一个直接泄露的路径。
Surface finish of the lines should be as far as possible consistent with the center line and gasket, such as circular flange, surface texture should be processed as concentric or spiral linear record, so you can avoid a line across the surface of a flange, if there is a straight line across the surface of a sealed grinding line, will be a leak path directly.
2.波形度
2. The degree of waveform
波形度就是相对于整个平面度的偏差，正常条件下，并不需要考虑波形度的问题，但是有两种情况，需要特别关注，因为过度的波形度也是非常难以处理的问题。
Waveform is relative to the flatness deviation, under normal conditions, does not need to consider the waveform of problems, but there are two kinds of circumstances, need special attention, because of the excessive degree of waveform is also very difficult to deal with.
第一种情况是搪玻璃的设备，在这种设备中融化玻璃的自然流动会形成很大的波形度，而且在较高的螺栓扭矩下，搪玻璃的法兰也容易变形。解决的办法是使用更厚的，而且可以高度压缩的垫片。
The first kind of circumstance is glass coating equipment, in this kind of equipment the natural flow of the melting glass can form a great degree of waveform, and under the higher bolt torque, glass lining flange is easy to deformation. The solution is to use thicker, and highly compressed, gaskets.
第二种情况涉及到翘曲的法兰，如果这种翘曲是由于热变形或者内应力造成的，那么对法兰进行再次加工处理就可以了，如果是由于过度螺栓负载或者法兰厚度不足而造成的翘曲，我们一般称为“弓形变形”，解决办法是重新设计具有更大刚度的法兰，有时可以加入加强筋来增强结构，而不用替换法兰，另一个办法是增加更多的螺栓，也可以把少而大的螺栓方案改为多而小的方案，由此增大了螺栓的弹性，使接头更好的结合。
The second case involves the buckling of the flange, if the warp is caused by thermal deformation and internal stress, so the flange processing again is ok, if it is caused by excessive or insufficient thickness of the flange and bolt load of warp, we generally called "arch deformation", the solution is to design a more basic outline of the flange, sometimes can be added to strengthen to strengthen the structure, without having to replace the flange, another approach is to add more bolts, can also be changed little and big bolt scheme to much and small package, thus increasing the flexibility of bolt, the combination of joint is better.
1. The grain
纹路是法兰表面粗糙式样的主导方向，比如：多方向的、唱片螺旋状的、锯齿状等
The grain is the dominant direction of the rough patterns of the flanges, for example: multi-direction, disc spiral, jagged, etc
表面光洁度的纹路应尽可能和垫片的中心线相一致，比如圆形法兰，表面纹路应该加工为同心圆或者唱片螺旋线型，这样就可以避免有穿过法兰表面的线，如果有一条穿过密封表面的直线研磨线，就会成为一个直接泄露的路径。
Surface finish of the lines should be as far as possible consistent with the center line and gasket, such as circular flange, surface texture should be processed as concentric or spiral linear record, so you can avoid a line across the surface of a flange, if there is a straight line across the surface of a sealed grinding line, will be a leak path directly.
2.波形度
2. The degree of waveform
波形度就是相对于整个平面度的偏差，正常条件下，并不需要考虑波形度的问题，但是有两种情况，需要特别关注，因为过度的波形度也是非常难以处理的问题。
Waveform is relative to the flatness deviation, under normal conditions, does not need to consider the waveform of problems, but there are two kinds of circumstances, need special attention, because of the excessive degree of waveform is also very difficult to deal with.
第一种情况是搪玻璃的设备，在这种设备中融化玻璃的自然流动会形成很大的波形度，而且在较高的螺栓扭矩下，搪玻璃的法兰也容易变形。解决的办法是使用更厚的，而且可以高度压缩的垫片。
The first kind of circumstance is glass coating equipment, in this kind of equipment the natural flow of the melting glass can form a great degree of waveform, and under the higher bolt torque, glass lining flange is easy to deformation. The solution is to use thicker, and highly compressed, gaskets.
第二种情况涉及到翘曲的法兰，如果这种翘曲是由于热变形或者内应力造成的，那么对法兰进行再次加工处理就可以了，如果是由于过度螺栓负载或者法兰厚度不足而造成的翘曲，我们一般称为“弓形变形”，解决办法是重新设计具有更大刚度的法兰，有时可以加入加强筋来增强结构，而不用替换法兰，另一个办法是增加更多的螺栓，也可以把少而大的螺栓方案改为多而小的方案，由此增大了螺栓的弹性，使接头更好的结合。
The second case involves the buckling of the flange, if the warp is caused by thermal deformation and internal stress, so the flange processing again is ok, if it is caused by excessive or insufficient thickness of the flange and bolt load of warp, we generally called "arch deformation", the solution is to design a more basic outline of the flange, sometimes can be added to strengthen to strengthen the structure, without having to replace the flange, another approach is to add more bolts, can also be changed little and big bolt scheme to much and small package, thus increasing the flexibility of bolt, the combination of joint is better.
